Student loan refinancing is the process of taking out a new loan with a private lender and using it to pay off your existing student loans, often to get a better interest rate. If you have bad credit, however, refinancing your student loans through a private lender may be challenging. Some lenders will charge you more, while others might deny your new loan application outright.

Each lender decides for itself what it considers a bad credit score. In general, if your FICO Score is below 580, a lender may consider your credit score to be “poor.” A FICO Score between 580 and 669 is “fair,” and it might still give you problems when you apply for financing. However, even with credit challenges, there may still be some student loan refinancing options available to you.

Every lender uses different criteria to determine borrower eligibility and interest rates. With less than stellar credit, you may find that if you do qualify to refinance your student loans, the rates available to you are higher than what you are currently paying. Lenders MEFA and INvestEd consider applicants with a credit score of 670 or higher, so even if you are rebuilding your credit, you may still apply to refinance.

What credit score do you need to refinance student loans?

Lenders often consider their credit score requirements proprietary information, so it’s hard to pinpoint an exact credit score requirement to refinance loans. As a rule of thumb, anything over 650 will likely give you your best shot at qualifying.

Even if you meet the minimum requirement, you’ll face higher interest rates with poor credit. You might qualify, but your interest rate could be in the double digits.

If lenders don’t advertise their credit score requirements, get prequalified with a few companies. This will give you a sense of where your credit score puts you in terms of eligibility and interest rates.

Is it worth it to refinance your student loans with bad credit?

Refinancing isn’t the best move for everyone, especially if you have bad credit. That said, there are situations where refinancing your student loans could be worth it.

Better interest rate

If your credit score is low, a slight improvement since you took out your current loans could mean a better interest rate than you’re currently paying. You can gauge your eligibility for more attractive loan terms by getting pre-qualified with other lenders. Many let you check your approval odds and potential rates online with a soft inquiry that doesn’t impact your credit score.

Different repayment timeline

Another potential upside of refinancing is the ability to get an extended repayment period. Even if you don’t qualify for a more competitive interest rate, your monthly payment will likely be more affordable since you’re stretching the balance out over a longer period.

This approach isn’t without downsides, though, as the lender will have more time to collect interest from you. You can expect higher borrowing costs over time in exchange for lower monthly payments.

Change lenders

Whether you have a federal or private student loan, refinancing to change lenders may also be viable to take advantage of special incentives or bonus offers. Refinancing federal student loans with a private lender means losing valuable benefits. The advantages of refinancing should outweigh the costs for you.

Consolidate multiple loans

If you’re struggling to manage your student loans, refinancing is an ideal way to streamline the repayment process. You’ll get a single monthly payment instead of juggling several payment amounts and due dates each month. Plus, avoid late payment penalties, missed payments and adverse credit reporting by enrolling in automatic payments with the new lender.

How to refinance student loans with bad credit

Refinancing student loans can be a great potential way to save money on your educational debt. Yet many private lenders require a minimum credit score in the mid- to high 600s to refinance your student loans. If you’re worried that your score won’t reach this threshold, try these tips.

Apply with a co-signer

Adding a loved one as a co-signer on your loan application might help you qualify to refinance your student loans when you have credit issues. Of course, your co-signer needs good credit (or better) for this approach to work. If your co-signer’s credit is good enough, they might help you secure a lower rate and better loan terms.

On the negative side, co-signing could backfire for your loved one, as it puts their credit reports and scores at risk. If you can’t repay your refinanced student loan as promised, your co-signer’s credit will suffer as much as yours from late payments or loan default.

A co-signer is also liable for the debt — just as much as if they were the sole borrower. Even if you always pay on time, the co-signed student loan on your loved one’s credit reports might make it difficult for them to borrow again in the future.

Improve your credit score

Credit scores aren’t the only detail that lenders consider when you apply for a loan. But they’re certainly among the most important factors.

Working to improve your credit score before you apply to refinance your student loans is smart. Here are some potential ways to give your credit score a boost:

  • Check your credit reports for errors. You can claim a free credit report from each credit bureau via AnnualCreditReport.com once every 12 months. If you discover inaccurate information on these reports, you can dispute it with the appropriate credit bureau. Negative, inaccurate data on a credit report can hurt your credit score, so you should never ignore this problem if it happens to you.
  • Always pay your bills on time. You can set up automatic payments and schedule reminders on your smartphone to help. Payment history is worth 35 percent of your FICO Score.
  • Reduce your credit card balances. Your credit utilization ratio (aka your balance-to-limit ratio) has a big impact on your credit scores. Paying down credit card balances will generally lower your utilization rate and may improve your credit score by extension.
  • Add alternative credit to your reports. Programs like Experian Boost allow you to add certain types of information (like a mobile phone or utility account) to your credit reports. If you regularly pay these bills on time, adding them to your reports might be good for your scores — especially if your credit files are thin and you have few other accounts.

Shop around with lenders

Anytime you need to borrow money, it’s a good idea to shop around for the best deal available. Comparing offers from multiple lenders has the potential to save you a significant amount of money over the life of your loan.

Some private lenders will allow you to check your interest rate with only a soft credit inquiry. This type of loan preapproval process is great because it lets you compare multiple refinancing options without any potential credit score damage.

Improve your cash flow

Lenders often consider your debt-to-income ratio (DTI ratio) when you apply for a new loan. DTI compares the income you earn each month (pretax) versus your total monthly debt payments.

When you owe too much money compared to your income, lenders will be hesitant to loan you more. But if you can improve your cash flow — by paying down debt or earning more money — you may be in a better position to qualify for student loan refinancing.

Alternatives to refinancing

Student loan refinancing isn’t the right fit for everyone. If bad credit keeps you from refinancing, or if it prevents you from getting a lower interest rate than you’re currently paying, an alternative approach may be best. Some options include:

  • Consolidate your federal loans. A Direct Loan Consolidation combines your federal student loans into a new, individual account. You can extend your repayment period and lower your monthly payment while retaining your valuable federal student loan benefits. With that said, loan consolidation will not save you any money since it will not change your interest rate.
  • Lower your payments. Applying for an income-driven repayment plan is another alternative to refinancing your federal student loans. If you qualify, your new monthly payment amount is based on a portion of your discretionary income; depending on your situation, your monthly payment might be $0.

The bottom line

If you have bad credit, you may be motivated to refinance your student loans to lower monthly payments. However, many lenders require a minimum credit score in the mid-to-high 600s. You will likely need a cosigner on the loan application to qualify. Shopping around and comparing rates may help you to identify lenders with varying loan approval requirements.

If you cannot find a willing cosigner or a lender that will work with your existing credit, it may be best to work on improving your credit score and revisiting a refinance down the line. Even if you do qualify to refinance now, keep in mind that doing so may not be the best move financially, as you may end up paying higher interest rates on a new loan.

Frequently asked questions

  • It may not be in your best interest to refinance a federal student loan if you have bad credit. You’ll likely get a higher interest rate, resulting in steep borrowing costs that could easily make monthly loan payments unaffordable. So, it’s worth conducting a cost-benefit analysis before determining if refinancing is worth it.
  • Lenders prefer borrowers with credit scores in the mid-to high 600s. That said, you may be eligible for student loan refinancing with a lower credit score if the lender’s guidelines are relatively flexible. Another way to get approved for refinancing is by bringing on a co-signer with good or excellent credit.
  • If you have federal student loans, consider a Direct Consolidation loan for a more affordable monthly payment. It lets you merge multiple loans into a single product with a term of up to 30 years, and you won’t incur additional costs. You can also opt for an income-driven repayment plan, deferment or forbearance to make your student loan payments more manageable. Private lenders don’t offer as much flexibility, but they may be willing to work with you to find a temporary solution.