Cancel a card, hurt your credit score
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Older credit is better
If you do cancel a card, you can compound your error even further by canceling the card that you've had the longest period of time and on which you've been making regular payments. By canceling an old card, the length of your credit history on open accounts will grow shorter. Both the FICO score and the VantageScore credit-scoring formulas take into account the credit histories of even closed accounts in assessing how long you've been managing credit. However, according to Watts, "that history will finally disappear from the formula when a credit bureau of its own accord removes old credit account information from your credit file." 

Barrett Burns, CEO and president of VantageScore Solutions (the company formed by the credit bureaus Equifax, Experian and TransUnion), agrees, but cautions that the scoring algorithm "is weighted such that if you maintain that older account, you're better off because it goes to a pattern of payment history." Nevertheless, he says, if it's an older account that you don't use, and you're paying fees on it, "you're probably better off closing it out for privacy rather than credit score reasons." 

There's at least one more nuance to consider, Hendricks explains. If you're intent on canceling a card, cancel a younger card or cancel one on which the credit card issuer doesn't report the credit card limit. "Some credit card companies don't report your credit limit," he says. "You can find out which ones by getting a copy of your credit report."

Number of cards matters
Your credit report may also alert you to another reason to cancel a credit card: You can have too many credit cards. Though there is no magic number -- again, because each person's credit situation is so different -- your credit report does give so-called reason codes for your credit score.

There are more than 40 reason codes -- reasons to grant or deny credit -- and up to four are given with your credit report to show what factors affected your score. The most common reason codes, according to Equifax, are as follows.

Most common reasons consumers are denied credit:

• Serious delinquency. • Serious delinquency and public record or collection filed. • Time since delinquency is too recent or unknown. • Level of delinquency on accounts is too high. • Amount owed on accounts is too high. • Ratio of balances to credit limits on revolving accounts is too high. • Length of time accounts have been established is too short. • Too many accounts with balances.

One of the reason codes (reason No. 4) tells you if having too many cards has hurt your score. Common sense should tell you that the older you are and the better you manage your credit, the more cards you can have in your wallet before you reach the magic number that triggers the reason code (though you may be surprised to learn that 10 or more cards is not too high in some cases). "In any event, if you're in that rare category and have plenty of credit and low balances on the other cards, canceling a card may help you," Hendricks says.

Though canceling a card probably will not increase your credit score, holding on to one has a number of advantages. For one, Fair Isaac and VantageScore look for a healthy credit mix, a mix that might include a mortgage loan, a car loan, maybe a store card or two, three or four MasterCard or Visa cards and a home equity line of credit, or HELOC, for example.